Chizindikiro Chobwezeretsanso Pulasitiki
Chizindikiro chobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi chizindikiro cha katatu chomwe chimapezeka pansi pa zotengera zapulasitiki. Mkati mwa makona atatu muli manambala 1-7, iliyonse ikuyimira chinthu chosiyana, kusonyeza utomoni womwe mankhwalawo amapangidwa. Ngati mankhwalawo amapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana, chinthu chachikulu kapena chofunikira cha mankhwalawa chimawonetsedwa.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimayimira zinthu zapulasitiki zamtundu wanji? Nawa chilengezo chimodzi ndi chimodzi:
PET (polyethylene Terephthalate) - Chakudya-Pulasitiki Wapamwamba Wokhala Ndi Moyo Wa Shelf
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito koyambirira kwa zinthu za PET kunali ngati fiber yopangira, monga filimu, maginito tepi, etc. Sanagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mabotolo a zakumwa mpaka 1976. PET imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidebe chodzaza, chomwe chimadziwika kuti (PET botolo).
Mabotolo a PET amakhala olimba komanso olimba mtima kwambiri, ndi opepuka (kokha 1/9-1/15 kulemera kwa mabotolo agalasi), ndipo ndi osavuta kunyamula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti zipange, ndipo sizitulutsa mpweya, -zosasunthika, komanso zimalimbana ndi asidi- ndi alkali. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chakhala chidebe chofunikira chodzaza zinthu monga zakumwa za carbonated, tiyi, madzi, madzi akumwa opakidwa, vinyo ndi msuzi wa soya. Kuphatikiza pakugwiritsa ntchito izi, PET imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mabotolo otsukira, ma shampoos, mafuta ophikira, zokometsera, zakudya zotsekemera, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Zida za PET ndizotentha-zisamva kutentha mpaka madigiri 70 komanso kuzizira-zimamva kuzizira mpaka -20 digirii . Choncho, ndizoyenera zakumwa zotentha kapena zozizira zokha. Ngati itadzazidwa ndi madzi otentha kwambiri kapena kutentha, imapunduka mosavuta ndipo zinthu zovulaza thupi la munthu zimasungunuka. Komabe, asayansi apeza kuti pulasitiki yamtunduwu imatha kutulutsa ma carcinogens pakatha miyezi 10 yogwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imakhala poizoni m'thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, mabotolo akumwa a PET amayenera kutayidwa mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Musagwiritse ntchito ngati makapu amadzi kapena zosungiramo zinthu zina kuti mupewe kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo omwe sangapindule mtengo wake.
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) - Pokhapokha Tatchulidwa Apo ayi, Simalangizidwa Posungira Chakudya.
Zinthu za HDPE zimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri (digiri ya 110), kuuma bwino, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Komanso sizinthu-zopanda poizoni komanso zotetezeka.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumba apulasitiki, monga zotsukira ndi zosamba. Pakalipano, matumba ambiri apulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo akuluakulu ndi masitolo amapangidwa ndi izi. Chifukwa chimamveka bwino kwambiri, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga matumba a chishalo.
Zotengera za HDPE zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mukatsuka mosamala, koma zotengerazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuyeretsa ndipo zimatha kusunga zinthu zomwe zidatsukira kale, zomwe zimakhala malo oberekera mabakiteriya. Sayeretsedwa bwino, kotero kukonzanso sikuvomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, matumba apulasitiki olembedwa kuti azidya amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira chakudya, koma ndibwino kuti musawatenthe mu microwave.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) - Yosavomerezeka Kuti Igwiritsidwe Ntchito Monga Chakudya Chakudya Ndipo Siyenera Kuwonetsedwa Kuti Itenthe!
Zinthu za PVC zidapangidwa koyambirira kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Popeza PVC ili ndi ubwino wofanana ndi zipangizo zina zapulasitiki ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri pokonza ndi kupanga pulasitiki, pamodzi ndi mtengo wake wotsika, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma makamaka m'malo omwe si{1}}zakudya monga mapaipi amadzi, malaya amvula, zikwama za sukulu, zomangira, mafilimu apulasitiki, mabokosi apulasitiki, ndi zina zotero. Muzopaka, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kudzaza mafuta a masamba, zotsukira, zotsukira, mabokosi a madzi akumwa.
Komabe, mapulasitiki opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi amakonda kupanga mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zoopsa komanso zowopsa, zochokera kuzinthu ziwiri:
1. Ma monomers a vinyl chloride omwe sanapangike polima amatulutsidwa panthawi yopanga mabotolo, kudzaza, ndi kukonzanso. Kupuma-kwanthawi yaitali kwa vinyl chloride kungayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo;
2. Zinthu zovulaza m'mapulasitiki. Zinthu ziwirizi zimawombedwa mosavuta zikakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso mafuta. Zinthu zapoizonizo zikalowa m’thupi la munthu kudzera m’zakudya, zimatha kuyambitsa khansa mosavuta.
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kuzindikira kwa anthu za chilengedwe kwawonjezeka, ndipo zotengera za PVC sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri kuyika chakudya. Ngati mutakumana ndi chidebe cha PVC ichi, onetsetsani kuti musachiwonetse kutentha mukachigwiritsa ntchito!
LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) - Yoyenera Kulumikizana ndi Chakudya Koma Osati Kutentha
LDPE imapezeka paliponse m'moyo wamakono, osati chifukwa cha zotengera zomwe zimapangidwa, koma chifukwa cha matumba apulasitiki omwe mumawawona paliponse. Zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo zilibe fungo, -zopanda poizoni, komanso matte. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apulasitiki azakudya, mafilimu ophatikizira chakudya, filimu yophatikizira chakudya, mankhwala, ma CD apulasitiki amankhwala, etc.
Kukana kutentha sikolimba. Kawirikawiri, oyenerera PE cling filimu adzasungunuka pamene kutentha kupitirira madigiri 110 , kusiya makonzedwe apulasitiki omwe sangathe kuwonongeka ndi thupi la munthu. Komanso, chakudya chikakulungidwa mu filimu ya chakudya ndikutenthedwa, mafuta omwe ali m'zakudya amatha kusungunula mosavuta zinthu zovulaza kuchokera mufilimuyo.
Kanema wopangira tokha sayenera kukulunga chakudya ndikutenthedwa kuti mafuta omwe ali muzakudya asasungunuke zinthu zovulaza mufilimuyo. Pamaso pa uvuni wa microwave, nthawi zonse chotsani filimu yodyera ku chakudya.
PP (polypropylene) - Microwave-yotetezeka! Pafupifupi Chakudya cha Universal-grade Plastic Material
Zinthu za PP zimalimbana ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 130 ndipo zimasungunuka mpaka madigiri 167. Chogulitsacho chikhoza kutsukidwa ndi nthunzi ndipo chimakhala ndi ubwino wa asidi ndi alkali kukana, kukana kwa mankhwala, ndi kukana kugunda. Ndilonso chidebe chokhacho chapulasitiki chomwe chili ndi microwave{4}}chotetezeka komanso chogwiritsidwanso ntchito mukatsuka mosamala.
Zitsulo za PP zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mkaka wa soya ndi mabotolo a mkaka wa mpunga, ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusunga 100% madzi oyera a zipatso, yogurt, zakumwa zamadzimadzi, mkaka (monga pudding), etc. Zotengera zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo ndowa, zinyalala, zochapira zovala, madengu, ndi zina.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti opanga ena, chifukwa choganizira mtengo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito PP pazotengera, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito PE kapena PS pazinthu zina zachidebe, monga kapu ya botolo ndi kutseka. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse chotchinga cha botolo mukamayeretsa mu microwave{1}}.
PS (polystyrene) - Zopangira Zotengera Zakudya Zamphindi Zomwe Siziyenera Kutenthedwa Nthawi Zonse
PS imakhala ndi mayamwidwe otsika amadzi komanso kukhazikika kwabwino, ndipo imatha kukonzedwa ndi jekeseni, kuponderezana, kutulutsa, ndi thermoforming. Nthawi zambiri, PS imagawidwa kukhala yopanda thovu kapena thovu, kutengera ngati yachita thovu.
1. PS Yopanda thovu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzomangira, zoseweretsa, zolembera, ndi ntchito zina. Amapangidwanso kukhala zotengera za mkaka wothira (monga Yakult, Jian Jian Mei, Duo Duo, ndi zinthu zina zamkaka kapena lactic acid). M'zaka zaposachedwa, idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri muzakudya zotayidwa.
2. Foamed PS (yomwe imadziwika kuti Styrofoam) imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotulutsa thovu kukulitsa nthawi 20 mpaka 100 panthawi yopanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopakira zinthu zapanyumba kapena zinthu zina zambiri, kapena ngati zotenthetsera-zotetezera mabokosi a ayisikilimu, mabokosi a nsomba, ndi zina zotero.
PS nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga{{0}mabokosi a noodles ooneka ngati mbale komanso mabokosi a thovu othamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zinthu za PS ndizosatentha-zosamva komanso kuzizira-zosamva, mankhwala azituluka kutentha kukakwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, musawonjezere mwachindunji mu microwave! Komanso, pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera zakudya zofulumira popopera zakudya zotentha. Sizingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kusunga ma asidi amphamvu (monga madzi a lalanje) kapena zinthu za alkaline zamphamvu chifukwa zimawola polystyrene zomwe zimavulaza thupi la munthu.
PC Material Ndi Mitundu Ina - Chakudya Chovuta Kwambiri-grade Plastic Materials
PC ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka m'mabotolo a ana ndi makapu am'mlengalenga. Zimatsutsana chifukwa zimakhala ndi bisphenol A. Kutentha kwapamwamba, bisphenol A yotsalira imatulutsidwa ndipo imatulutsidwa mofulumira. Choncho, madzi otentha sayenera kusungidwa muzitsulo za PC.
Ngakhale akatswiri amanena kuti mwachidziwitso, malinga ngati BPA ndi 100% imasinthidwa kukhala pulasitiki panthawi yopanga PC, zikutanthauza kuti malondawo alibe BPA konse, osasiya kumasulidwa. Komabe, palibe wopanga yemwe angatsimikizire kuti bisphenol A yasinthidwa kwathunthu, kotero muyenera kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati pang'ono bisphenol A sichinasinthidwe kukhala pulasitiki ya PC, imatha kulowa chakudya kapena zakumwa.
Chifukwa chake, samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito chidebe chapulasitiki ichi. Ngati botolo lili ndi nambala 07, zotsatirazi zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo:
1. Osatenthetsa kapena kuwunikira dzuwa lolunjika pakugwiritsa ntchito. Osayeretsa ketulo mu chotsukira mbale kapena chowumitsira mbale.
2. Musanagwiritse ntchito koyamba, yambani ndi soda ndi madzi ofunda ndikuumitsa mwachibadwa kutentha.
3. Ngati chidebecho chikugwetsedwa kapena kuwonongeka mwa njira iliyonse, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa ngati pali ma grooves abwino pamwamba pa pulasitiki, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mabakiteriya abise.
4. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zakale zapulasitiki mobwerezabwereza.
Chizindikiritso cha Sensory of Hazardous Plastic Products
Zowoneka:Zopangira pulasitiki zoyenerera zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino, komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino; zinthu zapulasitiki zosayenera zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo.
Olfation:Mapulasitiki oyenerera amakhala opanda fungo kutentha; zinthu zapulasitiki zosayenerera zimakhala ndi fungo lopweteka kapena losasangalatsa.
Tactile:Zopangira pulasitiki zoyenerera zimakhala ndi kumverera kosalala komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino; Zopangira pulasitiki zosayenerera zimakhala ndi fungo loyipa, losasinthika bwino, ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi fungo.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Moyenera Zotengera Zapulasitiki
Zotengera zosiyanasiyana zapulasitiki ndi ziwiya zimayikanso ziwopsezo zachitetezo. Samalani kwambiri mfundo zotsatirazi:
(1) Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zapulasitiki zodyera ndi zophikira zopangidwa ndi opanga osaloledwa.
Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama komanso kuchulukitsa phindu, opanga ambiri nthawi zambiri amapanga zinthu zapulasitiki popanda kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe akufuna. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zotengerazi posungira zakudya zotentha, makamaka zamadzimadzi ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kutentha ndi mafuta zimatha kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza ndikuwononga chakudya.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito zotengera zapulasitiki zopangidwira ma uvuni a microwave opangidwa ndi opanga nthawi zonse.
Muli microwave-zotengera zotetezedwa zapulasitiki ziyenera kukhala zowoneka bwino, zopanda mtundu, komanso zosatentha-. Mukatenthetsa chakudya chokhala ndi madzi ambiri mu microwave, zida zapulasitiki za PP zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito; potenthetsa mbale kapena chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, zida za PC zokhala ndi kutentha kwamphamvu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; ngati mukuwotcha-chakudya chopanda madzi, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera zapulasitiki zilizonse.
Mukatenthetsa chakudya mu microwave, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera zamagalasi kapena zadothi popanda zokutira zamkati zamkati..
(3) Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito-zotengera zosatentha-zosunga kutentha kuti musunge chakudya chotentha.
Mabotolo ena apulasitiki ndi zotengera zina zimakhala zofewa komanso zopunduka zikatenthedwa. Osayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera zotere posungira zakudya zomwe zatenthedwa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mapulasitikiwa ali otetezeka kutentha kwa chipinda, amatha kuwola ndi kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza pa kutentha kwakukulu. Ndizofala kuona anthu akuthira madzi otentha kapena tiyi m'madzi amchere kapena mabotolo a zakumwa, zomwe zimawononga thanzi.
(4) Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi zida zapulasitiki zotsika.
Zida zina zapulasitiki za ziwiya zakukhitchini (monga zogwirira mphika) zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa zikamatentha kwambiri. Zinthuzi ndi zapoizoni ndipo pokoka mpweya wambiri zimatha kuwononga thanzi la munthu. Mabotolo ena apulasitiki amagetsi otsika- amatulutsanso fungo losasangalatsa potenthetsa madzi. Mitundu ya ma ketulo apulasitiki awa nawonso ndi osatetezeka ku thupi la munthu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati mukukumana ndi mtundu uwu wa mankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mwamsanga.
GULERANI ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSA ZA PLASTIC ZOPEREKA PANO
